The Flexibility of Educational Management in Dealing with the Challenges and Opportunities of Educational Continuity Before and During the War in the Gaza Strip: مرونة الإدارة التربوية في التعامل مع تحديات وفرص استمرارية التعليم قبل وأثناء الحرب في قطاع غزة

Mahmoud Nabil Mohammed Abu Sha'ir

doi:10.61856/fp1d0747

Authors

Mahmoud Nabil Mohammed Abu Sha'ir Tamkeen Foundation for Training and Development - Palestine.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61856/fp1d0747

Keywords:

Educational management, continuity of education, flexibility, education, Gaza.

Abstract

This study aimed to identify the flexibility of educational management in dealing with the challenges and opportunities of educational continuity before and during the war in the Gaza Strip. The study adopted a comparative approach and applied a personal interview tool to a purposive sample of (10) teachers and (5) principals from UNRWA schools in the Gaza Directorate for the 2025 academic year. After confirming the tool's validity and reliability, the results showed that the top priority is student safety amid harsh security conditions that led to a near-complete halt of formal education. This pushed teachers and principals to adopt primitive, informal strategies and radically adapt available resources. However, these efforts face enormous structural and logistical challenges, along with profound psychological effects on students. The study recommends prioritizing the provision of safe and flexible educational environments by identifying and rehabilitating safe spaces, securing schools as protected zones, and supporting decentralized, community-based education.

References

Aafouneh, S., Abu Saa', J., & Jumaa, Y. (2024). Al-Talīm fī Ghazzah wa Tūfān Al-Aqṣā: Namūdhaj li-al-Ṣumūd. *Majallat Jāmiat Ṣanā li-al-`Ulūm al-Insānīyah*, 3(3), 39-52. https://doi.org/10.59628/jhs.v3i3.988.

Al-Abbasi, G. (2008). *Idārat al-Mashārī*, (Amman: Jāmi`at al-Quds al-Maftūḥah).

Ahmed, T. (2022). Athar al-Murūnah al-Tanẓīmīyah fī Taḥqīq Ahdāf al-Tanmiyah al-Mustadāmah. Al-Majallah al-Ilmīyah li-al-Buḥūth al-Tijārīyah (Jāmiat Minūfīyah), 45(2), https://www.google.com/search?q=https://doi.org/10.21608/sjsc.2021.106291.1076.

'alza'ānīn', B. (2018). Darajat mumarrasat mudiri al-madaris al-i'dadiyya bi-wikalat al-ghawth al-dawliyya bi-muhafazat Ghazza li-al-murunah al-idariyya wa-'alaqatuha bi-tamayyuz 'ada' mu'allimihim (Risalat majistayr ghayr manshurah). Al-Jami'a al-Islamiyya, Ghazza, Filastin.

Al-Aruri, S. (2024). Wāqi al-Talīm al-Madrasi fī Qiṭā Ghazzah wa Majālāt al-Dam al-Ḍarūrī fī Athanā al-Ḥarb wa badahā li-Istādat al-Talīm min Manẓūr Mudirī al-Tarbiya wa-al-Talīm fī al-Ḍaffa al-Gharbiyah. *Majallat Jamiyat al-Mu`allimīn al-Filisṭīnīyīn li-al-Dirāsāt al-Adabīyah wa-al-Tarbawīyah wa-al-Nafsīyah*, 6(14), 84-100. https://doi.org/10.69867/peaj0167.

Atfāl al-Khalīj Dhawī al-Iḥtiyājāt al-Khāṣṣah. (2009). Al-Takayyuf: Taʿrīfuh, Anwāʿuh, wa-Asbābuh. Retrieved August 9, 2025, from: https://short-link.me/1bppZ.

Attia, A. (2022). Dawr al-Murūnah al-Tanẓīmīyah fī al-Istijābah li-Taḥaddiyāt Kūfīd-19 fī Muassasāt al-Talīm al-Ālī: Dirāsah Taṭbīqīyah alā Ayyinat min al-Maāhid al-Tijārīyah al-`Ulyā al-Miṣrīyah. Al-Majallah al-Miṣrīyah li-al-Dirāsāt al-Tijārīyah, 46(2), 21-50. https://doi.org/10.21608/alat.2022.255372.

Bakri, A., & Hadi, M. (2024). Darajat al-Murūnah fī al-Qiyādah al-Tarbawīyah wa `Alāqatuhā bi-Idārat al-Azamāt ladā Mudīrī al-Madāris al-Ibtidā'īyah dākhil al-Khaṭṭ al-Akhḍar fī ẓill Jā'iḥat Kūrūnā. Al-Majallah al-Tarbawīyah al-Urdunīyah, 9. https://doi.org/10.46515/jaes.v9i1.562.

Battah, A., & Al-Ta'ani, H. (2016). Al-Idārah al-Tarbawīyah: Ruyah Muāṣirah. (`Amman: Dār al-Fikr).

Darwish, S. (2024). Al-Nuzūḥ wa-Khaymah Taʿlīmiyyah: Wāqiʿ al-Taʿlīm fī Ghazzah fī Ẓill al-Ḥarb wa-al-Nuzūḥ. Manhajiyāt. Isturji'a min al-mawqiʿ bi-tārīkh 15 Āb 2025, min: https://shorturl.at/ViOE4.

Dawash, F., & Al-Hadrami, A.. (2023). Taṣawwur Muqtaraḥ li Dalīl Mustanad ‘alā Usus Nafsīyah li Idārat al-Jawā’iḥ fī Madāris Sulṭanat ‘Umān bi-Istikhdām Taḥlīl al-Nishāṭ al-Marji‘ī. Majallat Kullīyat al-Tarbīyah (Asyūṭ), 39(4), 40-79. https://doi.org/10.21608/mfes.2023.299478.

Dehamsha, B. (2021). Darajat Mumārasat al-Qiyādah al-Tarbawīyah ladā Mudīrī al-Madāris fī Liwā' al-Jīzah min Wajhat Naẓar al-Muallimīn. Majallat al-Ulūm al-Insānīyah wa-al-Ṭabī`īyah, 2(10), 374-390. https://2u.pw/FvNM4y.

Markaz al-Dirāsāt al-Siyāsīyah wa-al-Tanmiyah. (2025). Awdat al-Talīm fī Qiṭā Ghazzah: Taḥaddiyāt wa-Āfāq li-Iādat al-Imār wa-al-Ta'hīl. Ghazzah. Isturjia min al-mawqi` bi-tārīkh 9 Āb 2025, min: https://short-link.me/1bpt6.

Edwards, J. (2024). Al-Murūnah wa-al-Qudrah ʿalā al-Takayyuf: Kayfa Taqūd Yuham. Niche Academy. Retrieved August 10, 2025, from: https://short-link.me/1bpsl.

Al-Hadrami, L. (2025). Idārat al-Taghyīr. Retrieved August 9, 2025, from: https://nz.sa/SamYp.

Hassan, A., & Khawandah, H. (2025). Athar Abād al-Murūnah al-Tanẓīmīyah fī al-Iltizām al-Tanẓīmī li-al-Āmilīn: Dirāsat Ḥālah fī al-Amānah al-Sūrīyah li-al-Tanmiyah. Majallat Jāmiat Dimashq li-al-Ulūm al-Iqtiṣādīyah wa-al-Siyāsīyah, 41(1), 220-240. https://journal.damascusuniversity.edu.sy/index.php/ecoj/article/vie.

Humaid, M. (2023). al-Taḥaddiyāt allatī tuwājih al-Qiyādah al-Tarbawīyah li-Mudīrī Madāris al-Sharīah min Ajl al-Istidāmah wa-al-Ibdā min Wajhat Naẓarihim. Majallat Jamiyat al-Muallimīn al-Filisṭīnīyīn li-al-Dirāsāt al-Adabīyah wa-al-Tarbawīyah wa-al-Nafsīyah, 3(9), 354-382. https://doi.org/10.69867/peaj0100.

Jāmiʿat Al-Majmaʿah. (2025). Al-Muḥāḍarah Al-Sābiʿah: Namādhij Idārat Al-Taghyīr. Retrieved August 9, 2025, from https://short-link.me/16Z3j.

Jam'iyyat Markaz Ibda' al-Mu'allim. (2019). Taqrīr: al-Intihākāt ḍidd al-Ta'līm fī Filasṭīn. Filasṭīn, Rām Allāh. Retrieved on August 16, 2025, from the Internet: https://short-link.me/16ZgB.

Majli, I. (2024). Dirāsat Athar Al-Murūnah Al-Idāriyyah ʿalā Tanmiyat Al-Ibdāʿ Al-Idāri min Wajhat Naẓar Al-ʿāmilīn Fī Kulliyyat Al-Tarbiyyah, Jāmiʿat Qaṭar. (Risālat Mājistīr Ghayr Manshūrah). Jāmiʿat Qaṭar.

Masar. (2024). Al-Idārah Al-Tarbawiyyah: Ahammiyyatuhā Wa-Khaṣāʾiṣuhā. Retrieved August 9, 2025, from https://masar.aiacademy.info/الإدارة-التربوية-أهميتها-وخصائصها/

Markaz Al-Mīzān Li-Ḥuqūq Al-Insān. (2010). Wāqiʿ Al-Ḥaqq Fī Al-Taʿlīm Al-ʿālī Fī Ẓill Al-Ḥiṣār ʿalā Qiṭāʿ Ghazza. Accessed June 16, 2025, from https://short-link.me/1bpVk.

Abdelmonem, M. (2022). Al-Alāqah bayna Muṭṭalabāt al-Amal an Bud fī ẓill Jā'iḥat Kūrūnā wa-al-Adā' al-Ibtikārī li-Aḍā' Hay'at al-Tadrīs wa-Muāwinīhim bi-Jāmiat Asyūṭ: Dawr al-Murūnah al-Tanẓīmīyah ka-Mutaghayyir Wasīṭ fī Hādhihi al-Alāqah. Al-Majallah al-Duwalīyah li-Jāmi`at Janūb al-Wādī li-al-Buḥūth al-Tijārīyah, 6(1), 187-269. https://doi.org/10.21608/mgsji.2024.251218.1021.

'Abd al-Mu'ṭī, R. (2022). Dawr al-Murūnah al-Tanẓīmiyyah fī al-Istijābah li-Taḥaddiyāt COVID-19 fī Mu'assasāt al-Ta'līm al-'Ālī: Dirāsah Taṭbīqiyyah 'alā 'Ayyinah min al-Ma'āhid al-Tijāriyyah al-'Ulyā al-Miṣriyyah. *Al-Majallah al-Miṣriyyah lil-Dirāsāt al-Tijāriyyah*, 46(2), 21-50. https://doi.org/10.21608/alat.2022.255372.

Al-Nimrat, M. (2022). Dawr al-Idārah al-Tarbawīyah fī Tazīz al-Way al-Dīnī ladā Ṭalabat al-Marḥalah al-Asāsīyah fī Liwā'ay al-Ṭaybah wa-al-Wasṭīyah min Wajhat Naẓar al-Muallimīn Anfusihim. *Majallat al-Ulūm al-Insānīyah wa-al-Ṭabī`īyah*, 3(4), 72-88. https://doi.org/10.53796/hnsj346.

Al-Qahtani, M. (2016). Abraz al-Taḥaddiyāt al-Mustaqbalīyah allatī Tuwājih al-Qiyādāt al-Tarbawīyah bi-al-Mamlaka al-Arabīyah al-Saūdīyah wa Subul Muwājahatihā. Al-Tarbiyah (Al-Azhar): Majallah Ilmīyah Muḥakkamah li-al-Buḥūth al-Tarbawīyah wa-al-Nafsīyah wa-al-Ijtimaīyah, 35(170 Part 1), 475-532. https://doi.org/10.21608/jsrep.2016.33838.

Qasrawi, R. (2024). Al-Taʿlīm Al-ʿĀlī Fī Qiṭāʿ Ghazza: Taḥaddiyāt Wa-Āfāq Mustaqbaliyyah Khilāl Wa-Baʿd Ḥarb 7 Uktūbar. Retrieved August 13, 2025, from https://short-link.me/16Z8Y.

Salahuddin, M. (2021). Mustawā al-Taḥaddiyāt al-Tarbawīyah wa Subul Muwājahatihā ladā Mudīrī wa Mudīrāt al-Madāris al-Thānawīyah al-Ḥukūmīyah fī Mudīrīyāt Shamāl al-Ḍaffa al-Gharbīyah fī ḍaw' Jā'iḥat Kūrūnā min Wajhat Naẓarihim. (Risālat Mājistīr Ghayr Manshūrah). Jāmi`at al-Najāḥ al-Waṭanīyah, Nābulus, Filisṭīn.

Al-Shabaka Al-Mushtaraka Bayn Al-Wikālat Li-Al-Taʿlīm Fī Ḥālāt Al-Ṭawāriʾ. (2023). Ḥimāyat Al-Ḥaqq Fī Al-Taʿlīm Fī Qiṭāʿ Ghazza - Filasṭīn. Retrieved July 15, 2025, from https://n9.cl/1lzw1.

El-Shamy, S, & El-Zanfaly, A. (2021). Future Directions for Education Planning in Times of Crisis: The Corona Pandemic as a Model. Regional Center for Educational Planning. Accessed June 15, 2025, from https://shorturl.at/4Re4v.

Sharikat Prince li-l-I'lām. (2025). Al-Taḥaddiyāt Allatī Tuwājih Al-Taʿlīm Fī Filasṭīn: Naẓrah ʿĀmmah Shāmilah. Retrieved August 9, 2025, from https://short-link.me/16Zi9.

Al-Shiab, I. (2022). Al-Idārah al-Tarbawīyah wa Dawruhā fī Injāḥ Amalīyat al-Talīm al-Ta`līmī. Majallat Kulliyat al-Tarbiyah al-Asāsīyah, 28(115), 525-539. https://doi.org/10.35950/cbej.v115i28.5834.

Al-Shuaili, M., & Ibrahim, H. (2023). Darajat Mumārasat Abād Idārat al-Taghyīr ladā Mudīrī al-Dawā'ir bi-al-Mudīrīyah al-Āmmah li-al-Tarbiyah wa-al-Talīm bi-Muḥāfaẓat al-Dākhilīyah bi-Sulṭanat Umān fī ḍaw' Namūdhaj Kūtar. Majallat al-Baḥth al-Tarbawī, 22(43), 59-109. https://doi.org/10.21608/ncerd.2022.165413.1023.

Al-Shubaki, M. (2024). Al-Taḥaddiyāt Al-Raʾīsiyyah Allatī Tuwājih Al-Taʿlīm Fī Qiṭāʿ Ghazza Khilāl Al-Ḥarb. Arid Platform. Retrieved June 21, 2025, from https://n9.cl/1yiae.

Al-Shunaifi, A. (2024). Muṭṭalabāt Taṭwīr Adā' al-Qiyādāt al-Akādīmīyah fī al-Jāmiāt al-Saūdīyah fī ḍaw' Abād al-Murūnah al-Tanẓīmīyah. Majallat al-Funūn wa-al-Ādāb wa-al-Ulūm al-Insānīyah wa-al-Ijtima`īyah, (110), 79-111. https://doi.org/10.33193/JALHSS.110.2024.1182.

Fawaz. (2022). Al-Takayyuf: Taʿrīfuh, Anwāʿuh, wa-Asbābuh. Atfāl al-Khalīj Dhawī al-Iḥtiyājāt al-Khāṣṣah. Retrieved August 10, 2025, from: https://short-link.me/1bprq.

Al-Umam al-Muttaḥidah. (2025). al-Ta'līm fī Ḥālāt al-Azamāt: Iltizām bi-al-ʿamal. Retrieved June 15, 2025, from: https://short-link.me/16Z7D.

Al-UNRWA. (2025). al-Taqrīr al-Marḥalī raqm 169 ḥawl al-Azmah al-Insāniyyah fī Qiṭāʿ Ghazza wa-al-Ḍaffah al-Gharbiyyah, bi-mā fī dhālik al-Quds al-Sharqiyyah. Retrieved August 9, 2025, from: https://n9.cl/coebc.

Abdelwahab, S., & Al-Morsy, M. (2014). Al-Azamāt al-Madrasiyah wa Asālīb Muwājahatihā min Wajhat Naẓar Mudīrī al-Madāris al-Thānawīyah bi-Dawlat al-Kuwayt. Majallat al-Dirāsāt al-Tarbawīyah wa-al-Nafsīyah, 8(1), 31-58. https://2u.pw/JacJuZ.

Al-Waraqi, E. (2024). "Jīl Bilā Madāris": Kayfa Ḥaramat Ḥarb Ghazza Al-Aṭfāl Min Ḥaqqihim Fī Al-Taʿlīm? Jusoor Post. Retrieved August 10, 2025, from https://short-link.me/1bpuJ.

Wizārat al-Tarbiyah wa-al-Taʿlīm. (2021). Al-Kitāb al-Iḥṣāʾī al-Tarbawī al-Sanawī lil-ʿĀm al-Dirāsī, Rām Allāh, Filasṭīn, retrieved on 5 September 2025 from: https://moe.edu.ps/uploads/20221102061001.pdf.